Impact of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders on Visual Performance among University Students

Authors

  • Ghulam Zahra Malik Superior University Lahore, Qualification: DPT, MS OMPT. ORCID: 0009-0002-9474-0618. Email: Zahramalik12500@gmail.com
  • Dr. kaynat imtiaz Clinical Physical Therapist, Doctor of Physical Therapy, Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University Lahore. Email: kaynatimtiaz1@gmail.com
  • Dr Sara Afzal Lecturer and Consultant Physical Therapist. Email: drsaraafzal5@gmail.com
  • Ayesha Sajid Optometrist, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Superior University Lahore Email: Sajid31ash@gmail.com
  • Mahnoor Akhtar MS Rehabilitation Sciences in Clinical Optometry. Email: su91-msrsw-f23-077@superior.edu.pk
  • Zaryab Khan Lecturer, The Superior University, Sargodha. ORCID: 0009-0009-6772-1957. Email: zaryabbakhar@gmail.com

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i4.724

Keywords:

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Vision , Students

Abstract

It is common for TMJ to cause headache but most of us ignore the fact that people with TMD may have vision impairment or TMD is the root source of vision impairment in people. Because TMJ is connected to the skull, ligament, nerves and muscle, so it can have an effect on your vision.There are several factors that lead to vision impairment like cataract, diabetic retinopathy, retinal disorder, TMD and macular degeneration.

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Published

2025-10-07

How to Cite

Impact of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders on Visual Performance among University Students. (2025). Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences, 3(4), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i4.724

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