Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Pregnant women worldwide are impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus, a serious public health issue. macrosomia, pre-eclampsia, and a higher chance of type 2 diabetes.One of the detrimental effects it is associated with in both mothers and fetuses is diabetes. Understanding the prevalence and related risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women and identify key risk factors contributing to its development.
Methodology: Over the course of four months, this cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghurki Hospital in Lahore. A glucose challenge test (GCT) was used to screen 100 pregnant women in total, and those with abnormal results were then screened using an OGTT. SPSS software was used to gather and analyze data on lifestyle, clinical, and demographic factors.
Results: Of the study participants, 56% had GDM. Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), hypertension, a history of prior GDM, and advanced maternal age (>35 years) were identified as key risk factors. Women with GDM were more likely to experience maternal complications like preeclampsia (20%) and hypertension (21%). GDM was also substantially linked to fetal complications, such as preterm birth (22%), and macrosomia (29%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the high incidence of GDM emphasizes the necessity of lifestyle changes, early screening, and focused interventions to reduce related risks. To lower the prevalence of GDM and enhance pregnancy outcomes, public health programs emphasizing nutritional counseling and maternal education are advised.