Antimicrobial Activities of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Application in Food Preservation & Packaging

Abstract

The synthesis of antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) is an efficient approach to tackle bacterial resistance, which is becoming more problematic. As a consequence of the fast advancement of nanotechnology, the manufacturing and use of NPs have increased tremendously. NPs are being used in the food industry to increase nutritional status and movement, as well as flavor, color, and stability, as well as improve stability. Metal NPs with antibacterial properties, such as Au, Zn, Ag, and Cu, have been recognized and employed for decades due to their diverse features, activity ranges, and modes of action. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are stable and biocompatible, and they may be readily changed to improve their antibacterial capabilities. AuNPs are also effective medication transporters, enhancing the antibacterial properties of antibacterial medicines that have been loaded. The ability of AuNPs to inhibit microbial growth through mechanisms such as disruption of bacterial cell walls and interference with microbial metabolic processes is highlighted. Furthermore, the integration of AuNPs into food packaging materials can provide an additional layer of protection by preventing microbial contamination, thus ensuring food safety. To increase and prolong their efficacy in food preservation, bioactive components with an antibacterial action against food pathogens are encapsulated in NPs. After being upgraded and combined with other antibiotics, AuNPs may provide a better antimicrobial function for efficient therapeutic strategies toward specific resistant microorganisms. This review analysis looked at the antimicrobial elements of nano-packaging used in the food industry.