Medicinal and Pharmacological activities of Ginseng

Authors

  • Muhammad Yasin Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University Lahore
  • Muhammad Talha Khalil Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
  • Momina Iftikhar Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
  • Muhammad Akram Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Email: muhammadakram@gcuf.edu.pk

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i3.552

Keywords:

Ginsenosides, Pharmacodynamics, Neuroprotection, Immunomodulation, Antioxidant activity

Abstract

Ginseng, a widely utilized medicinal herb in traditional Eastern medicine, is renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties. The primary phytoconstituents responsible for its therapeutic effects are ginsenosides, a class of triterpenoid saponins, along with polysaccharides, flavonoids, peptides, and polyacetylenes. These bioactive compounds contribute to ginseng’s adaptogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. Ginsenosides, particularly Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and Rh1, interact with multiple cellular signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB, influencing processes like apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cytokine production. Ginseng polysaccharides enhance immune function by stimulating macrophage activity and increasing the secretion of interleukins and interferons. Moreover, ginseng improves cognitive function, regulates blood glucose levels, supports cardiovascular health, and exhibits protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. Its pharmacodynamics involve modulation of neurotransmitter release, receptor sensitivity, ion channel activity, and enzyme inhibition. The herb’s multifaceted mechanisms of action reflect its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in modern medicine. Current research supports its efficacy in managing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. However, variations in ginseng species, extraction methods, and dosage necessitate further standardized studies to ensure its clinical safety and efficacy. Ginseng continues to be a focal point of phytopharmacological research with expanding global relevance.

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Published

2025-07-25

How to Cite

Muhammad Yasin, Muhammad Talha Khalil, Momina Iftikhar, & Muhammad Akram. (2025). Medicinal and Pharmacological activities of Ginseng. Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences, 3(3), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i3.552

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