A Descriptive Study on the Prevalence, Awareness, and Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Tuberculosis Transmission in Tehsil Mianwali

Abstract

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries where sociocultural dynamics and economic factors influence the disease's management and spread. In the current study, a descriptive research design has been adopted. Multi-stage sampling was used for the baseline survey. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, 90 samples were selected for based baseline survey. The findings reveal that TB-related stigma persists, with 26.2% noting TB is sometimes hidden due to shame and 28.3% observing community avoidance of TB patients. However, over half (57.7%) reported no personal experience of stigma, reflecting mixed community attitudes. Misconceptions persist as 56.5% believe TB is hereditary and 29.3% link it to evil spirits, while 42.0% delay care due to stigma. Geographic, economic, and cultural factors also hinder timely treatment. While 62.4% reject traditional healers for TB treatment, 19.3% still consider them, showing ongoing cultural influence. Likewise, 21.3% believe in home remedies, posing risks of delayed medical care. Create public health campaigns that respect local beliefs but correct misconceptions. Work with religious leaders, spiritual healers, and local elders to share information in a culturally appropriate way.