Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Self-Esteem in Undergraduate Nursing Students from Public and Private Institutions in Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Self-esteem is a critical determinant of nursing students' academic achievement and mental health. It affects their confidence, communication, and coping with clinical challenges. Nevertheless, self-esteem can differ based on individual and socio-demographic factors, which affect students' learning experiences and professional growth. Objectives: To compare the levels of self-esteem among undergraduate nursing students in public and private institutions in Karachi another is to determine socio-demographic determinants of self-esteem among these students. Methodology: Comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at two different nursing colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. The population for the study consisted of Generic BSN students from all years of study. A sample of 192 students was chosen using non-probability convenient sampling. Data was collected through a validated structured questionnaire, consisting of a socio-demographic section and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21.0, where p-values ≤ 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 20.3% of students exhibited low self-esteem, 72.4% normal self-esteem, and 7.3% high self-esteem. Gender, year of study, and socioeconomic status were strongly correlated with levels of self-esteem. Low self-esteem was reported by female students and students from lower socio-economic groups. Conclusion: Most of the nursing students had normal self-esteem, with some socio-demographic characteristics determining their level of self-esteem. Targeted interventions to enhance self-esteem in vulnerable groups can be recommended based on these findings, which can lead to improved academic and professional performance.