Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Pus Sample

Abstract

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a significant problem worldwide, causing infections in both hospitals and the wider community. In Pakistan, MRSA is a serious public health issue, especially when it involves skin and wound infections. This study looked at how common MRSA is in pus samples and examined how it resists common medications. The aim of this research is to find out how frequently MRSA occurs in pus samples drawn from clinical sources. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in selected healthcare facilities in Lahore. A total of 250 pus samples were collected from patients presenting with wound or skin infections. The samples were processed for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus using blood and MacConkey AGAR. Methicillin resistance was determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar according to guideline of CLSI. Out of 250 clinical samples analyzed, 49% tested positive for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on 55% of the samples. Among the tested isolates, resistance was observed to Vancomycin (31%), Methicillin (24%), and Ceftriaxone (22%). The highest resistance was noted for Vancomycin. Gender-wise distribution showed a slightly higher infection rate in males (54%) compared to females (46%). The increasing number of MRSA cases found in Staphylococcus aureus is a serious health issue that we need to address. This situation indicates that crucial medicines like methicillin and vancomycin are becoming less effective against these infections. Therefore, it is vital to conduct regular tests and be cautious with the use of antibiotics. Additionally, there is a need to enhance laboratory testing methods since not all samples are being examined. To combat the spread of MRSA, we must focus on improving infection control practices, using antibiotics wisely, and continuously monitoring the situation. By taking these steps, we can better manage and reduce the risks associated with MRSA.