Effects of Gender Stereotypes on Mental Health of Men and Women in District Faisalabad

Abstract

Gender stereotypes, as deeply embedded social constructs, shape how individuals’ express emotions, build their identities, and manage life challenges. These effects are especially visible in collectivist and patriarchal settings like Pakistan, where traditional role expectations carry considerable social weight. This study set out to explore how gender stereotype beliefs relate to mental health among university students in District Faisalabad. Using a quantitative crosssectional design, data were gathered from male and female students at two public sector universities through a structured questionnaire. Stereotype endorsement was measured with the Gender Stereotype Scale (GSS), and psychological distress was assessed across three dimensions (depression, anxiety, and stress) using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and correlation analyses were applied to identify gender differences and associations between variables. Results showed that genderstereotypical beliefs were widely held, with male students showing stronger alignment with traditional roles than their female counterparts, who leaned toward more egalitarian attitudes. Female students reported notably higher anxiety and stress, while depression scores were broadly similar between the two groups. A positive relationship emerged between holding rigid stereotype beliefs and experiencing greater psychological distress. The study concludes that gender stereotypes affect the mental well-being of both men and women, though the nature of that impact differs. These findings point to a real need for gender-sensitive mental health services, awareness programs, and policy action aimed at reducing stereotype-driven distress and advancing social equity.