Policy Measures to Curb Health Risks Related Toxic Metals Transfer in Citrus Fruits from Wastewater Irrigation at Citrus Valley of Sargodha, Pakistan

Authors

  • Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha. Corresponding author email: mazhar.iqbal@uos.edu.pk
  • Tayyaba Naz Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Muhammad Ashraf Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
  • Kafeel Ahmad Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
  • Zafar Iqbal Khan Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha.
  • Iqra Ghafoor Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Shah Nawaz Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Hafiz Abu Bakar Amin Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
  • Nahal Sarwar Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi.
  • Mashal Sarwar Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v2i4.1204

Abstract

Wastewater irrigation in the Citrus Valley in Sargodha, Pakistan, has resulted in the accumulation of toxic metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cupper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in citrus fruits. Research findings have revealed that the levels of toxic metals like Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn are prominent in the soil, water, and citrus fruits. The health risk index levels of metals like Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn have surpassed the permissible limits. However, the levels of metals like Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the daily intake have been found to be within the threshold WHO safe limits This policy brief has adopted evidence-based measures, recommending wastewater treatment, regulated irrigation, and soil amendments to safeguard citrus production and public health.

 

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Published

2024-12-30

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences (October - December, 2024 )

Section

Health Sciences

How to Cite

Policy Measures to Curb Health Risks Related Toxic Metals Transfer in Citrus Fruits from Wastewater Irrigation at Citrus Valley of Sargodha, Pakistan . (2024). Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences, 2(4), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v2i4.1204