Covid-19 Knowledge, Attitudes and Prevention Behaviors in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

The study examines SARS-CoV-2 prevention behaviors among adults in Punjab, Pakistan, focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to COVID-19. Conducted from September to December 2020, this cross-sectional study surveyed 1,100 adults using a two-stage sampling method, incorporating cluster sampling and systematic random sampling. A 22-item dichotomous scale measured KAB, using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis. Ninety percent believed social distancing slows COVID-19 spread. Standard practices included personal protective measures (90.4%), avoiding non-essential travel (84.5%), limiting public transport (83.1%), and refraining from social gatherings (79.0%). Higher KAB scores were linked to individuals aged 35–49, with higher household incomes, graduate degrees, and homeownership. This study emphasizes enhancing public KAB to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Public health authorities should prioritize targeted education to improve adherence to prevention guidelines, especially among vulnerable groups. This research provides a rare analysis of prevention behaviors in Pakistan, contributing to global public health strategies and informing evidence-based local interventions needs.