US and European Narratives in Biochemical Research: How Chemists and Biotechnologists Co-Create Knowledge in Drug Discovery

Abstract

This study is a critical examination of the comparative evolution of pharmaceutical innovation and biotechnology in the United States and Europe from the perspectives of technological, regulatory, and sustainability factors affecting drug discovery and development. Using a qualitative approach, the case study analysis yielded findings to illustrate the adoption of artificial intelligence in achieving SDGs. The primary findings are related to artificial intelligence integration, sustainability and green chemistry, translational research, molecular innovation, and patient-centred development. Results show that the United States focuses on fast commercialisation and investing by the business community, whereas Europe focuses on regulation, ecological responsibility, and the research model of cooperation. Although they are divergent in terms of institutional logics, both regions are moving towards AI-based innovation and sustainability-driven structures. It is pointed out in the discussion that pharmaceutical innovation is becoming more and more multidimensional, in that it needs the convergence of ethical governance, scientific rigour, and ecological sensitivity. The study concludes that global development in health will require hybrid models of the United States' entrepreneurial agility and Europe's safety and sustainability. It can be recommended to encourage across-the-Atlantic cooperation, increase AI implementation to more ethical standards, and introduce sustainability into the lines of drug development.