Knowledge and Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Practices Among Nurses During Clinical Practice

Abstract

Nurses represent a Susceptible population during Clinical Practice due to repeated exposure to infectious agents in healthcare settings. Adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) practices is critical for patient safety and occupational health. However, gaps in knowledge and compliance among Nurses remain a significant problem. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and compliance with IPC practices among pre-registration Nurses (Bachelor of Science in Nursing program) in Central Punjab, Pakistan, during Clinical Practice, and to identify factors influencing compliance. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 150 pre-registration Nurses (BSN program) were engaged for a purpose sampling from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lahore, Central Punjab. Data was collected using a questionnaire comprising sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge items, and compliance assessment. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25; descriptive and logical statistics were applied. The mean knowledge score was 74.3% (SD = 9.1), indicating a moderate-to-good level of knowledge. However, compliance scores were notably lower, with a mean of 61.8% (SD = 11.4). The most frequently reported barriers to compliance were lack of time (68%), unavailability of supplies (54%), and high patient workload (49%). Knowledge score was significantly associated with compliance (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). Students with prior IPC training demonstrated significantly higher compliance (p = 0.003). While Nurses demonstrate adequate theoretical knowledge of IPC, compliance during clinical practice remains suboptimal. Structured IPC training programs, adequate supply of protective equipment, and supervisory support are recommended to bridge the knowledge-practice gap.