The Impact of Eating Habits on Health Outcomes and Academic Performance among Female University Students

Abstract

Dietary habits formed during university years can have lasting effects on both physical health and cognitive ability. In Pakistan, female university students are particularly vulnerable to nutritional challenges due to limited financial resources, poor hostel meal quality, and the widespread availability of fast food near campuses. This study examines how eating habits relate to health outcomes and academic performance (as measured by CGPA) among female university students in District Faisalabad, using a socio-nutritional lens that considers both health and educational dimensions. Data were gathered through structured interviews with 160 female students across four universities. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, with the chi-square test and Gamma statistic applied to assess associations. The univariate analysis showed that 44.4% of students consumed junk food three to four times per week, and 27.5% reported ongoing health problems. Bivariate analysis revealed a highly significant association between monthly family income and CGPA (χ² = 24.503, df = 6, p < .01, γ = −0.208), pointing to complex, non-linear socioeconomic effects on academic achievement. Unhealthy eating habits appear to play a mediating role in the relationship between socioeconomic status, health, and academic success. There is a pressing need for university-level nutrition programs and policies that make healthy food more affordable and accessible.