Epidemiological Profile of Dengue Virus Cases in Faisalabad City, Pakistan: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne viral disease that poses a significant public health challenge in Pakistan, particularly in urban settings such as Faisalabad. This study presents a retrospective epidemiological analysis of dengue virus cases reported in Faisalabad city to identify demographic patterns, seasonal trends, and clinical characteristics associated with infection. Hospital-based records of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were reviewed and analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that young adults, particularly males, were the most affected population group. A clear seasonal peak was observed during the post-monsoon months, highlighting the role of rainfall and stagnant water in mosquito breeding. Spatial clustering of cases was identified in densely populated urban areas with poor sanitation and inadequate waste management. Clinical analysis revealed that most patients presented with fever, myalgia, and thrombocytopenia, while severe cases progressed to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The study concludes that dengue transmission in Faisalabad is strongly influenced by environmental, demographic, and socio-economic factors. Strengthening vector control strategies, improving urban sanitation, and implementing early surveillance systems are essential to reduce future outbreaks and disease burden.