To Explore the Relationship between Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem and Resilience among Urban and Rural Adults of Pakistan

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, and resilience among  individuals from urban and rural Pakistan by selecting samples from a population of 245 people, in  proportion of 120 people from rural and 125 from urban areas, with a cross-sectional survey design. Participants answered questions about resilience, self-esteem, and ethnic identity, with equal numbers  of men and women. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Pearson's Product-Moment correlation  coefficients were applied to observe the association between the variables. Independent t-tests were  conducted to check for gender and geographic differences. The findings of the study showed that  self-esteem served as a mediator between ethnic identity and resilience. All the study variables have   significant correlations as well (r =.473, p <.01). The concept of resilience provides residents,  especially in rural areas, with a more profound ethnic identity than in the case of those in urban areas  since the foundation of cultural values is stronger. There are also gender disparities, such as the fact  that women were much more resilient and had higher self-esteem than men. These findings support  the role of ethnic identification and self-esteem as factors that promote resilience, especially in rural  settings. Further by demonstrating these factors, increasing resilience may be enhanced among both  urban and rural populations. This study focuses culturally relevant mental health interventions that  can support Pakistani people's overall psychological well-being while also fostering ethnic identity  and self-esteem.