Gender and Cultural dynamics in Shaping Pedagogical Practices in Pakistani Higher Education

Abstract

This study explores the intersections of gender, culture, and pedagogy within the context of higher education in Pakistan. Despite significant growth in female enrollment and institutional reforms, the pedagogical environment in Pakistani universities remains deeply influenced by traditional cultural norms and gendered expectations. Using a qualitative research design, the study analyzed existing published research articles and policy documents retrieved from academic databases. Employing content analysis and thematic interpretation, the research examined how cultural and gendered structures shape teaching and learning practices. The findings reveal that patriarchal values, hierarchical teacher student relationships, and culturally embedded norms continue to reproduce inequality in classroom interactions and institutional practices. However, the study also highlights the potential for change through the integration of emerging feminist and inclusive pedagogical approaches. Guided by Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction and feminist pedagogical frameworks, the study concludes that higher education in Pakistan operates as both a site of cultural reproduction and a space for transformation. It underscores the urgent need for integrating gender sensitive and culturally responsive pedagogies