Pakistan's Commitment to the Paris Agreement 2016: A Case Study of Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Program in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)

Abstract

This research study evaluates Pakistan’s commitment to the Paris Agreement with a specific focus upon the Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Program (TBTTP) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The study finds that although, the program aligns with Pakistan’s Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement 2016, and has changed considerable amount of land into forests and arable lands, yet it faces challenges such as funding constraints, inconsistent political support, and uneven community inclusion. The Clean and Green Initiative, and TBTTP while ambitious in scope, also suffer from institutional and monitoring limitations. The research concludes that while these programs mark critical progress in Pakistan’s environmental strategy, their long-term effectiveness depends on stronger governance, sustained political will, equitable benefit sharing, and integration into broader climate policy frameworks.