To Explore the Relationship between Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem and Resilience among Urban and Rural Adults of Pakistan

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, and resilience among individuals from urban and rural Pakistan by selecting samples from a population of 245 people, in proportion of 120 people from rural and 125 from urban areas, with a cross-sectional survey design. Participants answered questions about resilience, self-esteem, and ethnic identity, with equal numbers of men and women. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Pearson's Product-Moment correlation coefficients were applied to observe the association between the variables. Independent t-tests were conducted to check for gender and geographic differences. The findings of the study showed that self-esteem served as a mediator between ethnic identity and resilience. All the study variables have significant correlations as well (r =.473, p <.01). The concept of resilience provides residents, especially in rural areas, with a more profound ethnic identity than in the case of those in urban areas since the foundation of cultural values is stronger. There are also gender disparities, such as the fact that women were much more resilient and had higher self-esteem than men. These findings support the role of ethnic identification and self-esteem as factors that promote resilience, especially in rural settings. Further by demonstrating these factors, increasing resilience may be enhanced among both urban and rural populations. This study focuses on culturally relevant mental health interventions that can support Pakistani people's overall psychological well-being while also fostering ethnic identity and self-esteem.