http://journal-of-social-education.org/index.php/Jorunal/issue/feed 2025-03-15T00:30:32+02:00 Dr Irfan Ullah Khattak editor@journal-of-social-education.org Open Journal Systems http://journal-of-social-education.org/index.php/Jorunal/article/view/170 2025-03-11T02:54:39+02:00 Nasar Khan nasarkhanorakzai1982@gmail.com Dr. Said Imran* saidimran@kust.edu.pk Dr. Syed Sabih Ul Hassan syed.hassan@kust.edu.pk

<p>This study investigates the pragmatic features of internet memes used in representation of different Pakistani major political parties on social media. Language is traversed with opportunities to negotiate meaning. The study delves into pragmatic strategies in meme captions, including implicature, speech acts, presupposition, and politeness strategies. We selected four political internet memes (2020–2022) from social media platforms including Facebook and Twitter. The analysis illustrates the ways in which pragmatic devices employed in memes, including the use of indirect speech acts, satire, irony, and presupposition, influence political discourse. The study concludes that meme captions are functionalized mainly by brevity, implicit meaning, humor and humor-based pragmatics, and by puns and sarcasm, in order to criticize political figures and events. The results indicate memes act as an effective tool of ideological positioning and persuasion to the public. Future studies could have multimodal dimensions, which will also include visual influences (color, font, and imagery), contributing to a broader understanding of political discourse in the context of Pakistani internet memes.</p>

2025-03-09T00:00:00+02:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences http://journal-of-social-education.org/index.php/Jorunal/article/view/183 2025-03-15T00:30:32+02:00 Dr. Mahnoor Karim* immahnoorkarim@gmail.com Dr. Kausar Masoom immahnoorkarim@gmail.com Dr. M Atif Raza immahnoorkarim@gmail.com

<p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a major cause of subfertility in women, frequently requiring ovulation induction treatments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Letrozole alone versus Letrozole plus Dexamethasone in improving ovulation outcomes in women with PCOS-related subfertility. A randomized controlled trial involved 100 participants split into two groups: Group A received Letrozole alone, and Group B received Letrozole with Dexamethasone. Ultrasound was used to assess follicular diameter and endometrial thickness. Results indicated a significantly greater mean follicular diameter (20.70 ± 4.478 vs. 17.54 ± 3.364, p &lt; .000) and endometrial thickness (6.84 ± 0.997 vs. 5.92 ± 0.922, p &lt; .000) in Group B versus Group A. Dexamethasone appears to enhance ovulation induction by promoting follicular growth and improving endometrial receptivity. The study adds to the evidence supporting the Letrozole-Dexamethasone combination for treating PCOS.</p>

2025-03-14T00:00:00+02:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences