Evaluation of Head Trauma and to Determine Incidental Findings On Multidetector Computed Tomography

Abstract

Background: Head Truama is an important factor in morbidity and death worldwide and our country Pakistan, with a million cases reported every year. Evaluation of head trauma is one of the most crucial applications of computed tomography (CT) scans. But CT scans frequently show incidental findings not related to the primary injury. Objective: The main aim of our study is to find out the frequency of head traumatic patients. The second objective is to characterize incidental findings in the traumatically traumatized patient on multidetector computed tomography. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study enrolled brain CT of 188 consecutive patients in four months (August 2024 to November 2024) to determine frequency of head trauma findings as well as incidental findings from the study population proceeded at Rahman medical institute and Hayatabad medical complex which is the main referral hospital in Peshawar Pakistan. In this pavable 128 slices multidetector CT scanner aque siion pirme Toshiba company. Results: A total of 188 head trauma patient who referred for head trauma CT were evaluated. The effected age group was 15 to 30. Among 188 the mean age of the patient was (4.17). Male (87.8%), female (12.2%). Head trauma Injury was commonly caused by RTA (75.0%), HOF (17.6%), and LOC (3.7%), FAI (2.7%). The common CT finding was Skull Fracture include multiple skull fracture 26.1%, followed by frontal fracture 9.6% and temporal fracture 8%. Brain contusion (18.6%), subdural hematoma (18.1%) Epidural hematoma (8.5%) both (8.0%) other hematoma (44.1%). Epidural hemorrhage (1.1%) subdural hemorrhage (1.6%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (12.8%) intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage (12.8%) subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage (4.8%) intracerebral and subdural hemorrhage (3.8%) and other hemorrhage (16.0%). According to our research RTA is the common cause of head injury followed by HOF. In this study we found that the most common IF was maxillary sinusitis 10.10%, infarction 5.85%, tumor 5.3%, Brain atrophy 3.72%, and Ventricular abnormality 3. 19%, cyst 2.65%, Vascular related abnormality 2.12%, and calcification 2.12%, Skull abnormality 0.5%.
Conclusion: This study concludes that young male adults in Peshawar, Pakistan, suffer from head trauma, particularly as a result of RTAs. It highlights that in order to lower the number of RTAs, better road safety regulations and focused initiatives are required. The research also shows how useful head CT is for identifying traumatic brain injuries, such as fractures of the skull and different kinds of bleeding. Since various underlying disorders may affect the patient's therapeutic therapy, the incidental findings reported in this study again emphasize the significance of carefully interpreting CT scans. To further understand the long-term effects of head trauma and the impact of pre-existing conditions in patient outcomes, more research is required, preferably with bigger sample sizes and longitudinal follow-up.